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Epidendrum calanthum
''Epidendrum calanthum'' is a terrestrial reed-stemmed ''Epidendrum'' orchid from the montane Tropical rainforest of Bolivia (including Cochabamba), Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, and the West Indies.〔C. Dodson and R. Vásquez, "EPIDENDRUM CALANTHUM Rchb.f. & Warsc.", plate 0325 of Icones Plantarum Tropicarum, Series II: Orchids of Bolivia'', Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. 1989.〕
== Description ==
''E. calanthum'' shares with other members of the subgenus ''E''. subg. ''Amphiglottium Lindl. (1842) a sympodial habit, terete stems covered from the base with close, tubular, disthicous sheathes which are leaf-bearing on the upper part of the stem, and a terminal peduncle covered from its base with close, tubular sheathes.〔H. G. Reichenbach "ORCHIDES", items 274 (''E. calanthum'') & 276 (''E. paytense''), in C. Müller, Ed. ''Walpers. Annales Botanices Systematicae'' VI(1861) pp. 390 & 391. Berlin.〕 The stem grows to 1 m tall below the inflorescence, and the inflorescnece itself grow to 0.4 m tall, with the white to pink resupinate flowers born in a congested raceme at the end. The leaves grow to 10 cm long. The oblong sepals are 9 mm long. The petals are 9 mm long and narrower than the sepals, with serulate to erose edges. The broad, lacerate lip is adnate to the column to its apex, and is trilobate, as is typical for the section ''E''. sect. ''Schistochila'', although the lacerations on the margins of the lobes are nearly as deep as the lacunae between the lobes, making the lip almost seem to be entire. The central lobe is divided in two at the apex and bears the keel or carina typical of the subsection ''E''. subsect. ''Carinata'' beginning near the apex of the column between two small bumps and extending nearly to the apex of the lip. The chromosome number of ''E. calanthum'' is 2n = 30.〔Fábio Pinheiro, Samantha Koehler, Andréa Macêdo Corrêa, Maria Luiza Faria Salatino, Antonio Salatino & Fábio de Barros. "Phylogenetic relationships and infrageneric classification of ''Epidendrum'' subgenus ''Amphiglottium'' (Laeliinae, Orchidaceae)", ''Plant Systematics and Evolution'' published online 25 September 2009. Springer Wien. http://www.springerlink.com/content/k70111rh6ww5437l/〕
Although ''E. calanthum'' bears a remarkable similarity to ''E. imatophyllum'' due to both species having nearly undivided lips, Dodson & Vásquez 1989 notes that they can be easily distinguished because ''E. calanthum'' has resupinate flowers, whereas the flowers of ''E. imatophyllum'' are non-resupinate.
The diploid chromosome number of ''E. calanthum'' has been determined as 2''n'' = 30.〔page 251 of Leonardo P. Felix and Marcelo Guerra: "Variation in chromosome number and the basic number of subfamily Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae)" ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' 163(2010)234-278. The Linnean Society of London. downloaded October 2010 from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01059.x/pdf〕
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